{"id":5096,"date":"2025-05-24T03:21:07","date_gmt":"2025-05-24T03:21:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.chilefauna.cl\/?p=5096"},"modified":"2026-02-18T20:11:50","modified_gmt":"2026-02-18T20:11:50","slug":"arctophoca-gazella","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.chilefauna.cl\/index.php\/arctophoca-gazella\/","title":{"rendered":"Arctophoca gazella"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Phylum&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chilefauna.cl\/index.php\/chordata-de-chile\/\">Chordata<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;| Clase&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chilefauna.cl\/index.php\/mammalia-de-chile\/\">Mammalia<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;| Orden&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chilefauna.cl\/index.php\/carnivora-de-chile\/\">Carnivora<\/a><\/strong> | Familia <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chilefauna.cl\/index.php\/otariidae-de-chile\/\">Otariide<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Investigador(es) a cargo:&nbsp;<\/strong>Catalina Baudoin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Citar como:&nbsp;<\/strong>Baudoin, C.&nbsp;<em>Arctophoca gazella<\/em>. ChileFauna. Recuperado el [inserte fecha de consulta] de [URL]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Esta p\u00e1gina ha sido realizada en colaboraci\u00f3n con la&nbsp;<strong>ONG Mam\u00edferos de Chile<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"263\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chilefauna.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/JPG-MC-ONG_Mesa-de-trabajo-1-copia-11-scaled-e1746152230890-1024x263.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4935\" style=\"width:326px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><em><strong>Arctophoca gazella<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;(Peters, 1875)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Nombre(s) com\u00fan(es):&nbsp;<\/strong>Lobo fino ant\u00e1rtico.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Nombre en ingl\u00e9s:&nbsp;<\/strong>Antarctic ful seal<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Etimolog\u00eda:<\/strong> <em>Arctocephalus <\/em>proviene del griego <em>arkt\u00f3s<\/em> (\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2), que significa \u00aboso\u00bb, y <em>phoca<\/em> (\u03c6\u03ce\u03ba\u03b7), que significa \u00abfoca\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Sinonimia<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La sinonimia de&nbsp;<em>A. gazella&nbsp;<\/em>es:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Arctocephalus gazella<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Subespecies<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>No existen subespecies reconocidas para <em>Arctophoca gazella<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Descripci\u00f3n morfol\u00f3gica<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>El Lobo Fino Ant\u00e1rtico es un mam\u00edfero robusto, con cabeza peque\u00f1a, hocico puntiagudo y cuello largo, el cual se ve m\u00e1s grueso en los machos. La especie presenta un marcado dimorfismo sexual, donde los machos pueden ser hasta cinco veces m\u00e1s grandes que las hembras, midiendo entre 1,6 y 2 metros, y pesando desde 90 a 210 kilogramos, mientras que las hembras alcanzar entre 1,2 y 1,4 metros, y pueden llegar a pesar desde 25 a 55 kilogramos. Posee extremidades anteriores grandes y posteriores largas que se orientan hacia adelante, permiti\u00e9ndole caminar o galopar sobre sus cuatro patas.<br>Su pelaje es denso, con pelos externos oscuros con puntas blancas o mayormente blancos, y una capa interna de pelos finos color caf\u00e9 oscuro. Los juveniles suelen tener el pecho y la garganta de color crema, mientras que los machos adultos desarrollan una melena espesa y canosa en cuello y hombros.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Distribuci\u00f3n<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>y h\u00e1bitat<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Distribuci\u00f3n global:\u00a0<\/strong>Posee una distribuci\u00f3n circumpolar, es decir, se presenta alrededor del continente ant\u00e1rtico. Tiene colonias reproductivas entre los 46\u00b0y los 62\u00b0 (Islas Crozet y Shetland del Sur, respectivamente), y el 95% de la poblaci\u00f3n se encuentra en South Georgia. Adem\u00e1s, durante el invierno se distribuye hacia el sur de Sudam\u00e9rica y otras zonas subant\u00e1rticas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Regiones de Chile que habita:<\/strong>&nbsp;Se han encontrado registros de distribuci\u00f3n de esta especie, en la Regi\u00f3n de Coquimbo y la Regi\u00f3n de Magallanes y de la Ant\u00e1rtica Chilena. Se ubica principalmente en las Islas Shetland del sur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>iNaturalist<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.chilefauna.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/lobo-1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5355\" style=\"width:635px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.chilefauna.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/lobo-1.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.chilefauna.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/lobo-1-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.chilefauna.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/lobo-1-768x512.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Fotograf\u00eda tomada el 23 de marzo de 2025 por dougiewainwright en iNaturalist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cotas de altitud:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>No se presentan cotas de altitud para esta especie debido a que su entorno natural est\u00e1 al nivel del mar o bajo de \u00e9l.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Dieta<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Estos lobos marinos tienen una dieta generalista. Las hembras reproductoras depredan presas mesopelagicas, epipel\u00e1gicas y migratorias diurnales, mientras que los machos tambi\u00e9n pueden realizar inmersiones bent\u00f3nicas y buscar alimento de presas bent\u00f3nicas, que pueden no ser consumidas por las hembras.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Conducta<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>y reproducci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>El lobo marino \u00e1rtico tiene una conducta de apareamiento altamente polig\u00ednico, es decir, que los machos se aparean con varias hembras, mientras que la hembra se aparea con un solo macho. En general, el macho exitoso tiene territorios con un promedio de 10 hembras.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Adem\u00e1s, presentan comportamiento de filopatr\u00eda, lo cual ha afectado negativamente a su diversidad debido al continuo apareamiento entre individuos con parentesco. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Amenazas y conservaci\u00f3n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>IUCN:<\/strong> Preocupaci\u00f3n menor (LC). <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>RCE:<\/strong>\u00a0Preocupaci\u00f3n menor (LC). <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u00f1os atr\u00e1s, debido a la caza masiva, esta especie estuvo al borde de la extinci\u00f3n, siendo esta su principal amenaza hist\u00f3rica. Sin embargo, hoy en d\u00eda su riqueza se recuper\u00f3, generando otros impactos ecol\u00f3gicos en nuevos territorios, especialmente en h\u00e1bitats terrestres fr\u00e1giles, principalmente por la amplia dispersi\u00f3n de los machos no reproductivos, provocando da\u00f1os tales como el pisoteo de la vegetaci\u00f3n, la sobrefertilizaci\u00f3n por la acumulaci\u00f3n de excrementos y la eutrofizaci\u00f3n de sistemas de agua dulce. <br>Debido a los efectos del cambio clim\u00e1tico, el n\u00famero de hembras reproductoras en Georgia del Sur ha estado disminuyendo en las \u00faltimas tres d\u00e9cadas debido a la reducci\u00f3n de alimento disponible. Adem\u00e1s, por esta misma raz\u00f3n, los hielos marinos tienen una menor extensi\u00f3n, permitiendo a esta especie desplazarse m\u00e1s al sur y afectando as\u00ed la abundancia y distribuci\u00f3n del krill. <br>En resumen, <em>A. gazella<\/em> hoy en d\u00eda no presenta grandes desaf\u00edos de distribuci\u00f3n y abundancia, aun cuando ha disminuido por causas clim\u00e1ticas, pero s\u00ed presenta un  gran impacto ecol\u00f3gico sobre ecosistemas vulnerables.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Origen evolutivo<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>El lobo fino ant\u00e1rtico pertenece a la familia Otariidae, tales como lobos y osos marinos. Seg\u00fan estudios gen\u00e9ticos sobre esta especie:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Su origen de nota dentro de los lobos finos del hemisferio sur (<em>Arctocephalinae<\/em>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Su l\u00ednea evolutiva se separ\u00f3 de otros lobos finos hace varios millones de a\u00f1os durante el Plioceno y Pleistoceno.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Su evoluci\u00f3n est\u00e1 ligada a la adaptaci\u00f3n a ambientes subant\u00e1rticos y ant\u00e1rticos, incluyendo el desarrollo de pelaje denso y estrategias de alimentaci\u00f3n especializadas en kril.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La especie pas\u00f3 por un cuello de botella poblacional debido a la caza hist\u00f3rica, pero logr\u00f3 recuperarse manteniendo diversidad gen\u00e9tica suficiente.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Referencias<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Convey, P., &amp; Hughes, K. A. (2023). Untangling unexpected terrestrial conservation challenges arising from the historical human exploitation of marine mammals in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean.\u00a0<em>Ambio<\/em>,\u00a0<em>52<\/em>(2), 357-375.<br>Forcada, J., &amp;\u00a0Staniland, I. J.\u00a0(2018).\u00a0Antarctic fur seal:\u00a0<em>Arctocephalus gazell<\/em>a. In\u00a0B. W\u00fcrsig,\u00a0J. G. M. Thewissen, &amp;\u00a0K. M. Kovacs\u00a0(Eds.),\u00a0<em>Encyclopedia of marine mammals<\/em>\u00a0(\u00a03rd ed., pp.\u00a025\u201327). Academic Press.\u00a0<br>Hoffman, J. I., &amp; Forcada, J. (2012). Filopatr\u00eda natal extrema en hembras de lobos marinos ant\u00e1rticos (Arctocephalus gazella).\u00a0<em>Biolog\u00eda de mam\u00edferos<\/em>,\u00a0<em>77<\/em>(1), 71-73.<br>Kuhn, C. E., McMahon, C. R., &amp; Bester, M. N. (2021). Winter distribution of juvenile and sub-adult male Antarctic fur seals (<em>Arctocephalus gazella<\/em>) along the western Antarctic Peninsula. <em>Global Ecology and Conservation, 33<\/em>, e01955. doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gecco.2021.e01955<br>Miranda-Urbina, Diego; Portflitt-Toro, Matias; Serratosa, Juan; Luna-Jorquera, Guillermo . (2015).\u00a0<em>Vagrant Antarctic fur seal,Arctocephalus gazella,in northern Chile. Polar Biology, 38(8), 1311\u20131314.\u00a0<\/em> doi:10.1007\/s00300-015-1693-0\u00a0<br>Nagel, R., Forcada, J., &amp; Hoffman, J. I. (2019). Complete mitochondrial genome of the Antarctic fur seal (Arctocephalus gazella).\u00a0<em>Mitochondrial DNA Part B<\/em>,\u00a0<em>4<\/em>(2), 2936-2937.<br>Sep\u00falveda, M., P\u00e9rez-Venegas, D., Moraga, R., Qui\u00f1ones, R. A., &amp; Brito, J. L. (2016). Vagrant Antarctic fur seal, <em>Arctocephalus gazella<\/em>, in northern Chile. <em>Polar Biology, 39<\/em>(11), 2265\u20132269. doi.org\/10.1007\/s00300-015-1693-0<br>Sernapesca. (2020). Lobo Fino Ant\u00e1rtico. Servicio Nacional de Pesca y Acuicultura. Recuperado de https:\/\/www.sernapesca.cl\/files\/importacion\/rescateyconservacion\/fichasespecies_conservacion\/pinnipedos\/lobofinoantartico.pdf<br>Staniland, I. J., &amp; Robinson, S. L. (2008). Segregation between the sexes: Antarctic fur seals, Arctocephalus gazella, foraging at South Georgia.\u00a0<em>Animal behaviour<\/em>,\u00a0<em>75<\/em>(4), 1581-1590.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Phylum&nbsp;Chordata&nbsp;| Clase&nbsp;Mammalia&nbsp;| Orden&nbsp;Carnivora | Familia Otariide Investigador(es) a cargo:&nbsp;Catalina Baudoin. Citar como:&nbsp;Baudoin, C.&nbsp;Arctophoca gazella. ChileFauna. Recuperado el [inserte fecha de consulta] de [URL] Esta p\u00e1gina ha sido realizada en colaboraci\u00f3n con la&nbsp;ONG Mam\u00edferos de Chile. Arctophoca gazella&nbsp;(Peters, 1875) Nombre(s) com\u00fan(es):&nbsp;Lobo fino ant\u00e1rtico. Nombre en ingl\u00e9s:&nbsp;Antarctic ful seal Etimolog\u00eda: Arctocephalus proviene del griego arkt\u00f3s (\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2), que &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chilefauna.cl\/index.php\/arctophoca-gazella\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Arctophoca gazella<\/span> Leer m\u00e1s \u00bb<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5096","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-especies"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Arctophoca gazella - ChileFauna<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chilefauna.cl\/index.php\/arctophoca-gazella\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Arctophoca gazella - ChileFauna\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Phylum&nbsp;Chordata&nbsp;| Clase&nbsp;Mammalia&nbsp;| Orden&nbsp;Carnivora | Familia Otariide Investigador(es) a cargo:&nbsp;Catalina Baudoin. Citar como:&nbsp;Baudoin, C.&nbsp;Arctophoca gazella. ChileFauna. Recuperado el [inserte fecha de consulta] de [URL] Esta p\u00e1gina ha sido realizada en colaboraci\u00f3n con la&nbsp;ONG Mam\u00edferos de Chile. Arctophoca gazella&nbsp;(Peters, 1875) Nombre(s) com\u00fan(es):&nbsp;Lobo fino ant\u00e1rtico. Nombre en ingl\u00e9s:&nbsp;Antarctic ful seal Etimolog\u00eda: Arctocephalus proviene del griego arkt\u00f3s (\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2), que &hellip; Arctophoca gazella Leer m\u00e1s \u00bb\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.chilefauna.cl\/index.php\/arctophoca-gazella\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ChileFauna\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-05-24T03:21:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-18T20:11:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.chilefauna.cl\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/JPG-MC-ONG_Mesa-de-trabajo-1-copia-11-scaled-e1746152230890-1024x263.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Tomas\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Tomas\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.chilefauna.cl\/index.php\/arctophoca-gazella\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.chilefauna.cl\/index.php\/arctophoca-gazella\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Tomas\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.chilefauna.cl\/#\/schema\/person\/e3af2a73d74cff55082dd5248db830f1\"},\"headline\":\"Arctophoca gazella\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-05-24T03:21:07+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-18T20:11:50+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.chilefauna.cl\/index.php\/arctophoca-gazella\/\"},\"wordCount\":1106,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.chilefauna.cl\/#organization\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Especies\"],\"inLanguage\":\"es\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.chilefauna.cl\/index.php\/arctophoca-gazella\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.chilefauna.cl\/index.php\/arctophoca-gazella\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.chilefauna.cl\/index.php\/arctophoca-gazella\/\",\"name\":\"Arctophoca gazella - 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Citar como:&nbsp;Baudoin, C.&nbsp;Arctophoca gazella. ChileFauna. Recuperado el [inserte fecha de consulta] de [URL] Esta p\u00e1gina ha sido realizada en colaboraci\u00f3n con la&nbsp;ONG Mam\u00edferos de Chile. Arctophoca gazella&nbsp;(Peters, 1875) Nombre(s) com\u00fan(es):&nbsp;Lobo fino ant\u00e1rtico. 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